In the realm of infectious diseases, some are more well-known than others, and one that stands out for its dreadfulness is rabies. Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects both animals and humans, with a long history of being feared and misunderstood. In this blog, we will delve into the world of rabies, exploring its causes, symptoms, transmission, prevention, and the importance of early intervention in its treatment.
What causes rabies?
The rabies virus, a member of the Lyssavirus genus, is the main cause of rabies. If it is left untreated, the virus will target the brain and central nervous system, which can be dangerous. It is primarily spread through contact with the saliva of sick animals, typically through bites or scratches. The virus is frequently carried by wild animals such as bats, raccoons, foxes, and skunks. Dogs, cats, and livestock are examples of domestic animals that might contract the disease if they come into contact with a carrier.
Stages of rabies infection
There are three main phases in the progression of rabies:
- The incubation period is the time between the virus entering the body and the onset of symptoms. Although it can vary, it normally lasts between one and three months. The virus replicates silently throughout this period and starts moving towards the brain.
- Second stage is prodromal stage. The beginning of the first symptoms characterizes the second stage. Fever, headaches, lethargy, and pain at the wound site are possible symptoms for patients. It’s possible to notice behavioral changes, worry, and disorientation as well.
- Acute neurological phase is the final stage. In the last phase, the virus infects the brain and causes encephalitis (brain inflammation). Hydrophobia (fear of water), hallucinations, anxiety, muscle spasms, and paralysis are some of the most severe symptoms. When these neurological symptoms start to appear, the condition is often fatal.
Prevention and Transmission
As earlier mentioned, rabies is mostly spread by infected animals’ saliva. For prevention, avoiding contact with rabid animals is essential. Pet owners should make sure their animals are rabies-vaccinated, following the recommendations of their local health care provider.
When an animal bites or scratches you, it’s important to thoroughly clean the wound with soap and water and seek immediately medical attention. If given soon after exposure, a series of rabies shots known, as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), can stop the virus from spreading to the central nervous system.
Individual precautions
To lessen the likelihood of developing rabies, people should abide below safety precautions.
- Protect little pets, as they cannot have vaccine. Thus owners must keep their pets away from wild creatures.
- Pet owners should carefully confine their animals when they are at home or keep an eye on them.
- You should notify the authorities about stray animals. For information about stray animals, get in touch with the local animal control or police agencies.
- Keep bats away from your house: Sealing homes will stop bats from roosting there, and contact professional bat removal.
By promoting responsible pet ownership, increasing awareness, and ensuring access to healthcare and vaccinations, you can strive towards a world where rabies no longer poses a deadly threat. Remember, seeking immediate medical attention after an animal bite can make all the difference between life and death, so never hesitate to act swiftly if such an unfortunate event occurs.
